Issues in cultural studies: views of Mario Vargas Llosa

The issues like liberals, nationalism, populism, intellectual honbesty and many more are widely used terms in cultural study, without that we cannot understood cultural study in better way. Mario Vargas Llosa explain this conept in his book The cave of the tribe. He argues in favor of liberal thoughts in reference to seven influential authors in this book. These men belong to a school of thoughts where the individual was seen as an autonomous and responsible being, and freedom is the supreme asset in this school of thought. 


Ideologies

As we all know that it is the ideology which control and govern an ordinary human being in cultural studies and it also targets the liberal thoughts. Therefore ideologies are enemies of liberal thoughts and freedom. 

Liberalism is not an ideology, it doesn't just embrace, but stimulates the difference, and defends some basic ideas: freedom, individualism, the rejection of collectivism and nationalism. 

Nationalism

Llosa speaks about nationalism as a kind of racism. He says that, if we believe that belonging to a certain country or nation oe race or religion is a privilege, a value in itself, we believe are superior to others. 

Racism comes with inequality and it inevitably leads to violence and the supression of freedom.

Populism

The issue of populism is being challenged by the democracy. Populism shatters democracies from within.

Intellectuals

Llosa also states that blindly intellectual have always seen democracy as a mediocre system that lacked the beauty, perfection and coherence of big ideologies, and this blindness is not incompatible with graet intelligence. 

Political correctness

Political correcteness is the avoidance of forms of expression that are perceived to marginalize or insult, groups  of people who are sociallly disadvantage.

Similary Political correcteness is also the enemy of  freedom because it rejetcs honesty and authenticity. This is also the main problem in  cultural studies, it becomes diffiult to survive where the political correct and right wingers are in majority. ++