Wednesday, 4 April 2018

Assignment: The Victorian Literature


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Victorian novelist Charles Dickens and his five major works



M.K Bhavnagar University
Department of English
Sem 2
Name – Hema Goswami
Roll no. 12
Enrollment no. 2069108420180020
Paper 6: The Victorian literature
Topic:  Victorian novelist Charles Dickens and his five major works



Introduction



Victorian age was begins with the reign of Queen Victoria from 20 june 1837 and lasted until her death on 22 january 1901. In Victorian age there is increasing turn towards Romanticism, mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts. The Victorian era is a period that possessed sensibilities and characteristics distinct from the adjacent age. Victorian period was interested in literature. There were many prominent figure rise, such as Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte, Robert Louis Stevenson, and William Mackepeace  Thackeray. (wikipedia the free encyclopedia)

Novelists

The literature of this era is mainly written in English. Novel was most important in Victorian era just like poetry most important in romantic era.
There are many important novelists who reflect the characteristics of Victorian literature of the age:-
1.     Charles Dickens
2.     William Thackeray
3.     Three Bronte Sisters
4.     George Eliot
5.     Thomas Hardy
6.     Joseph Conrad
7.     Rudyard Kipling
8.     Arthur Conan Doyle
9.     H.G. Wells
10.                         Oscar Wilde

Charles Dickens



Charles Dickens is most famous British Novelist who dominated the first part of Victorian age. Dickens was born on 7th February, 1812 at Postsmouth, Hampshire, England and died on 9th june 1870 at Gad’s Hill, near Chatham, Kent. Dickens is very much popular than other novelists of the age. The qualities of his work enabled his fame to spread worldwide very quickly. (Collins)

Popular works

        i.            Pickwick Paper (1836)
      ii.            Great Expectations (1861)
    iii.            Nicholas Nickleby (1839)
   iv.            David Copperfield (1850)
     v.            A Tale of Two Cities (1859)

i) Pickwick Paper



Charles Dickens first novel is Pickwick Paper. It was published in 1836. It is a sequence of loosely relayed adventures.  Dickens satirized the case of George Norton in The Pickwick Papers.
Samuel Pickwick is the main character of the novel and the founder of Pickwick club. He extent his research in finding other members of club along with other “Pickwickians” their travels throughout the English countryside by coach provide the chief theme of the novel. In this novel there is accurate description of the old coaching inns of England. Each character in this novel is drawn comically. The character like Alfred Jingle provides as aura of comic villainy, with his devious tricks repeatedly landing the Pickwickians into trouble. Through humor Dickens is able to capture quintessential aspects of English life in the mid-nineteenth century. (wikipedia the free encyclopedia)


ii)Great Expectations



It is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens, a bildungsroman that depicts the personal growth and personal development of an orphan nicknamed Pip. On Christmas eve Pip encounters an escaped convict in the village churchyard, while visiting the graves of his parents and siblings. He is living with his elder sister and her husband. The convict scares Pip into stealing food and file.
One day Pip is taken by his uncle Pumblechook to play at Satis House, there Pip falls in love with Estelia, the adopted daughter of Miss Havisham and started dreaming of becoming a wealthy gentleman, but his hopes are dashed when Miss Havisham decides to help him become a common laborer in his family’s business. With her guidance, Pip is apprenticed to his brother in law- Joe. Joe is the village’s Blacksmith. Pip works in the forge unhappily; there he encounters Joe’s malicious day laborer. Pip’s sister Mrs joe is viciously attacked and Pip suspects Orlick for the attack.
 A lawyer Mr. Jaggers brings strange news that a secret benefactor has given Pip a large fortune. Pip happily assumes that his previous hopes have come true. Pip went to London and there he befriends a young gentleman named Herbert Pocket and Wemmick (Jagger’s law clerk). Pip furthers his education by studying with the Tutor Matthew Pocket, Herbert’s father.
One night a familiar figure barges into Pip’s room- the convict, Magwitch, who stuns Pip by announcing that he is the source of Pip’s fortune. Before the revelation, Pip assumes that Miss Havisham, is the source. A complicated mystery begins to fall into place when Pip discovers that Estella is Magwitch’s daughter.
Before Magwitch’s escape attempt, Estella marries an upper-class lout named Bentley Drummle.
Pip decides to go abroad with Herbert to work in the mercantile trade.  Pip works eleven years in Egypt and afterwards returns to England and visits Joe, Biddy and their son. He also encounters Estella in the ruined garden at Satis house. There are too many characters in this novel which confuses the readers. Drummle, her husband treated her badly, but he dead now.  Pip finds that Estella’s coldness and cruelty have been replaced by a sad kindness, and they meet again. (editors of sparknotes)

iii) Nicholas Nickleby



Nicholas Nickleby is the central character of the novel. He sets off to be a schoolmaster in the north England, after the death of his father. His garrulous mother finds hard to bear the death of her husband.  Nicholas, his sister Kate, and their mother set out for London. Squeers, is the evil headmaster of Nickleby, whose reign of terror has resulted in the abuse and deaths of his cringing charges, orphans and unwanted children. Nicholas leaves the school. When he arrives in London, he seeks out Newman Noggs, his uncle’s clerk, who hasd promised to help him and remove the false charges of being a thief that had been brought against him by Squeers and Ralph Nickleby.
  At Bristol Nicholas meet Vincent Crummles, a theatrical producer. Nicholas becomes an actor in touring company of Mr. Mrs. crummies. Nicholas rescue a handicapped boy, the boy revealed to be the illegitimate son of Nicholas’s uncle Ralph Nickleby, who has also plotted against the innocence of Nicholas’s  sister Kate. (kellman)
At the end of the novel there is happy ending, Nicholas married to Madeline, Kate married to Frank Cheeryble.

iv) David Copperfield



It is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. The novel’s full title is “The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the younger of Blunderstone Rookery.” It was Dickens’s favorite among his own novels.  The novel describes the journey of the protagonist David Copperfield.  It also contains disturbing description of child abuse. From childhood to maturity, it describes all the life events of Copperfield.
After the death of his father, mother married to Edward Murdstone, During the marriage David is sent to lodge with Peggotty’s family( housekeeper) in Yarmouth. On his return David is given a good reason to dislike his stepfather. Soon afterwards David was sent away to a boarding school, Salem house, under a ruthless headmaster, Mr. Creakle. There he befriends an older boy, James Steerforth, and Tommy Traddles. After the death of his mother, he was sent to work for a wine merchant in London- a business for which Murdstone is a joint owner.  There at London David’s landlord is areested for debt and no one remains to care for David, so he decides to run away.
David’s aunt helps him a lot and also sends him to a far better school than he last attended. During term, David Lodges with the lawyer Mr. Wickfield, and his daughter Agnes, who becomes David’s friend.
After completing school, David learns to be a proctor. David marries to Dora Spenlow, but their marriage proves unhappy, because Dora dies early. Afterwards Agnes encourages David to return to normal life, and then David realizes that he loves Agnes. They quickly marry and in this marriage, he finds true happiness. (wikipedia the free encyclopedia)

 v) A Tale of Two Cities



It is a historical novel, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. It is the story about the French Doctor Manette. He is imprisoned 18 year long in Paris. He is released to life in London. He has a daughter Lucie, whom he never met. She does manage to bring  Dr. Manette back into the everyday world. It is against the condition of French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. Darney marries Lucie, and on the day of his wedding, he tells Dr. Manette a secret: he is actually a French Nobleman in disguise.
Long ago, Dr. Manette scribbled down the history of his own imprisonment and secreted it in a wall of Bastille. The history tells a sordid tale of rape and murder- crimes committed by Darnay’s father and brother. Darney and his family head back to England in safety. Carton (looks exactly like Charles Darnay) takes Darnay’s place in Prison and dies on the guillotine. (shmoop editorial team)

Conclusion

Charles Dickens was much more than a great entertainer. The range, compassion, and intelligence of his apprehension of his society and its shortcomings enriched his novels and made him both one of the great forces in 19th century Literature and an influential spokesman of the conscience of his age.


Works Cited

Collins, Philip. Charles Dickens. 2018. 2 february 2018 <http://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Dickens-British-novelist>.
editors of sparknotes. "great expectations summary." 2017. www.sparknotes.com. <www.sparknotes.com/lit/greatex/summary/>.
kellman, steven g. "nicholas nickleby summary." 2009. eNotes.com. 3 april 2018 <http://www.enotes.com/topics/nicholas-nickleby>.
shmoop editorial team. "a tale of two cities summary." 11 november 2008. www.shmoop.com. 3 april 2018 <http://www.shmoop.com/tale-of-two-cities/summary.html>.
wikipedia the free encyclopedia. "Victorian era." wikipedia the free encyclopedia 28 march 2018.



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