Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

                                                                                         
                                                    Robinson Crusoe is the most famous novel written by Daniel Defoe. It is about the survival of Robinson Crusoe in an unknown island.
The process of colonialism  is described through various points in the novel:-
                                       1. POLITICS OF NAMING
In the very biginning of the novel Crusoe give a Christian name 'Friday' to one of the inhabitant of that island. From this naming method the process of colonialism started. Crusoe did not say that he is Friday's friend, but he introduced himself as master and consider Friday as his slave. In this way Crusoe started ruling over Friday just as what a colonizer do over a colonized. In this way he takes all the power and this is called POLITICS OF NAMING.
                                           2. RELATION
After naming Master-slave relationship begin. Crusoe teach Friday that he is superior to him. He gives commands and Friday follows every commands of his master.
                                         3. LANGUAGE
Crusoe also teach Friday his own English language, that is another way of colonialism. Friday started believing that Crusoe is superior and he is inferior.
                                         4. CULTURE
Crusoe imposed his own culture on Friday. He tells him that wearing clothes is good than nakedness. Even if Friday was not comfortable he do it. Crusoe says that he is more civilized and Friday is uncivilized.
                                          5. RELIGION
Crusoe started teaching his own Christian religion to Friday. Crusoe tells him that his God is superior. Crusoe started calling Friday as 'my man'. 15 times he call Friday as 'my man'. Crusoe give description of his Gun and Friday worshipped Crusoe and his weapon because he was fearful of that dangerous weapon.
In this way from these all points the elements of colonialiam is described in the novel
 

                                      In our contemporary time, colonialism works, if not physically but mentally. Our mind still set up with the way that Britishers taught us in past. Yes it is true that once our land is colonized by Britishers but even after independence they are ruling over our mind. We still engaged in doing western culture's ceremonies. The most famous Ring ceremony, was imposed by britishers.  The celebration of our birthday by cutting cake is inherited from western culture. The foreigner taught us that 'whites' are good and superior and 'blacks' are bad and inferior. All wants to be white, in the Fair and lovely advertisement girls who wish to become white applying this cream. But this waa all fake promises. Our mind is so much affected by english language that when we wish someone , we say Good morning, Good evening etc rather than Namaste or Namaskar.
Therefore we can say that colonialism still working in our life.
                           

                The movie is different than the original text in so many ways:-
1. The movie is describing about only one voyage but originally in text before this there are two or three voyages already done. There is shipwreck, Crusoe's returns to his home and again starts a new voyage. These all things are absent in the movie.
2. Movie focus only on one aspect, there are many other things like repenting, dis obeying his parrents, the whole life of Crusoe that is not presented in the film.
3. In the novel there is total submission of Friday to Crusoe, but in film there is no total submission.
4. In the text when Crusoe introduced his Gun, Friday becomes afraid of it, but in film Friday was not get afraid and also shows that his own tool is more superior than Crusoe's weapon.
5. In the film when Crusoe telling about his God that his God is the maker of everything, even he makes Friday, then Friday argued that he didn't believe in this idea. He says that his God is 'Pokya' a crocodile. In text when Crusoe trying to imposed his God, Friday get convinced easily without any arguement.
6. In the novel when Crusoe tells Friday to go back to his own land, Friday started apologising, he feels that he had done sometning wrong thats why his master did not need him any more. He was  emotionally attached by Crusoe and never want to leave his company. In the film there is total opposite situation. Crusoe needs Friday's company, his friendship. Crusoe can't live without Friday in that unknown island.
                                         ANTI-COLONIAL ELEMENTS IN THE FILM
The most important change in the film that shows anti-colonial nature is that Crusoe wish to becomes Friday's friend. The strong bond of friendship between Friday and Crusoe Is shown in the film.
Friday's rebelling nature also shows anti-colonialism. He rebels, argued with Crusoe in every point. He never allowed Crusoe to dominate him. He never follows Crusoe's culture, he did not wear clothes, he didnot worship Crusoe's God, he is not afraid of Crusoe's weapon, he did not gives Crusoe the master position. Overall he never easily convinced. Even Crusoe also treats him very well, as his best friend.
So,these all points shows anti-colonialism while the text is totally opposite of it.😊

Narrative techniques used by Raja Rao

Here is my presentation attached with the link
https://www.slideshare.net/HemaGoswami1/hemas-presentation-on-kanthapura

1. 1. Kanthapura By Raja Rao
2. 2. • Raja Rao was an Indian writer of English language. • He was born on 8 November, 1908 and died on 8 July 2006. • Raja Rao is a novelist of philosophical consciousness. • Born in brahmin, he is aware of his brahminical obligations.
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4. 3. • Raja Rao’s first novel Kanthapura was published in 1938, mainly portrays the freedom movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s to liberate India from the imperialistic hegemony of the British. • The novelist sympathetically explores the Gandhian values of loving one’s enemies, non-violence and abolition of untouchability.
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6. 4. RAJA RAO’S USE OF NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN KANTHAPURA Raja rao’s Kanthapura is a triumph of narrative art. Straightforward and chronological- the narration is straightforward and chronological, there is no backward and forward movement as we found in a stream of conscious novel.
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8. 5.  Use of persona Raja Rao makes effective use of persona (imagined character) called Achakka. So it means that the tale has not been narrated by the novelist himself. This device of narration followed by many novelist like Joseph Conrad in Lord jim and Kamala markandya also used but no one get such success which Raja rao got.
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10. 6. The advantage of the choice of persona Fact and Myth  Making Achakka the narrator enable Raja Rao to mingle fact and myth. For the old woman Jawaharlal is a Bharata to the Mahatma. The mahatma who,she believes, will slay Ravana so that Sita may be freed. For her Gandhi has attained the status of God and Moorthy is regarded as his avtar in Kanthapura. To her Satyagraha has become a religious ceremony.
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12. 7. The manner of narration • Achakka’s manner of telling the tale is characteristically Indian. • The telling of the story gives the whole affair an ithihasik- at least a PURANIC dignity. • There are rhythmic chains of proper names like Rachanna and Chandranna and Mandanna; Satamma and Rangamma and Puttamma and Seethamma. • There is nevertheless consummate art in all this riot of artlessness
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14. 8. Narration: Dramatic and Varied • The narration is dramatic, it varies according to the requirements of the action and the situation. • The language, the accent, the tone, the tempo, constantly keep changing. • The life on the coffee estate, the crucidities and vulgarities of the Red-man, the sickness that broke them and the violation of women’s honor- all have been portrayed most vividly to the last details of credibility
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16. 9. Use of suspense • Suspense and anxiety of villagers to see Moorthy when he released from jail have been adequately conveyed. “ And hearts began to beat and yet we saw no Moorthy, and yet no Moorthy, and yet not a hair of his head was seen……….” The suspense is that if really Moorthy was released then where he gone, so was it the true news or just a rumour.
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18. 10. • Visualization Achakka is garrulous and when she conveyed large events she liberally picked up epithets and images, so we should say we visualised the way she narrated the picketing and Satyagraha. Even the large numbers of coolies who comes out of coffee estate is conveyed through multiplicity of images and epithets.
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20. 11. • Poetry Sheer poetry comes out of the narrator’s lips. She sung the song of coming of Kartik- “ Kartik has come to Kanthapura…….with the glow of lights and the unpressed footsteps of the wandering Gods…… In such passage narrator becomes an inspired poet.
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22. 12. Conclusion In this way we can say that Raja Rao makes effective use of narrative style. The act of villagers are transformed into a Gandhian epic instead of remaining merely a sthala puran or regional novel.

Pehredar Piya ki

I am in support of this serial. I really liked the concept. It is not all about the marriage of two different age group, that is one is too young and the other is too elder. It is about making girl or a woman same powerful as man. In this serial the girl Diya married to the young prince Ratan to protect him from the other evil members of his family. His life was in danger after the death of his mother and father. This first thinking makes us moves forward than just patriarchal thinking that only man can protect.
Overall i find it progreessive not regressive

Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Doctor faustus is one of the most famous play of Christopher marlowe. Here I am going to discuss about three questions
1.

What does this last scene (the image of lucifer) signify?

It it obvious from this image that lucifer is celebrating his victory. Evil wins at the end of the play. After a lots of dialogues between Doctor Faustus, Lucifer wins in tempting Doctor Faustus with the help of Mephistophilis. In the last scene Doctor Faustus regrets a lot and did not want to go to hell, but it was already too late for redemption. Doctor Faustus says "or let this hour be but a year, a month, a week, a natural day, that faustus may repent and save his soul!"

Doctor Faustus wants more hour, one more day, or one more year to repent so that his soul may save from devilish world that is hell. But his own decisions led him to fall in hell. Now nothing can be changed. So this is the full victory of the prince of Satanic world Lucifer which is clearly shown in the above image.

                                                                                           2. Is God present in the play? If yes where and how? If no, why?

We can think about God in two perspective, that is mentally or physically. God is not presented in the play physically but mentally he is present throughout the play in the mind of Doctor Faustus. In the first scene of the play Doctor Faustus wish to be like God, he wants to equate himself with God. And at the end when his end was near, he recall God for redemption. He wants to repent for all the sins he commited. Doctor Faustus is responsible for his own fall. With the help of necromacy he calls Mephistophilis for the quest of knowledge. But Mephistophilis the evil draws Doctor Faustus to the world of lust,greedness and also there is written contract between them that after four and twenty years he gives his soul to Mephistophilis to the hell.

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                                                                                        3. What reading and interpretation can be given to this image with the reference to central theme of the play Doctor Faustus?                                                                                                   This is the image of two Greek mythological character- The father Daedalus and his son Icarus.

Icarus wants to fly in the sky so his father makes waxen wings for his son and warns him to do not fly near sun otherwise his wings would have melt. Icarus ignores his fathers's warning and therefore he fall and drowned into the sea. He is responsible for his own fall. Similarly in the play Doctor Faustus drowned in the world of evil by ignoring the warnings of the good angel, the old man, his two good friends. All this good characters warns him a lot to do not listen evil voice and constantly told him to repent for all the sin he has done but Faustus did not listen and at the end when his death comes near he wanted to repent but now it was too late. In this way ignorance and declining from all moral values leads to his tragic end.

Icarus also does the same thing of ignorance and leads towards his tragic fall. Therefore this image is connected with Doctor Faustus.

Yugpurush- mahatma ka mahatma

Today we all total 35  students of sem 1 and sem 3 go to yashwant rai natyagruh for seeing the drama Yugpurush- mahatma ka mahatma. Awesome play i have ever seen.
This is the first live play which i have seen in my life. It was really a motivating play. We never heard such name kavishri Rajchandra ji in history of Gandhi ji but after watching this play, we come to know about many unfolded topics. The father of India Mahatma Gandhi was very much inspired by this famous knowledgeable man of the age. The all performer of the play enacted very well on stage. They knew where to put homour where to get extreme seriousness. All the events of a good play find in it..there is some tragic part as well as happy part also. This play combines both this element. The structure of the plot is very well built. There is flashback technique used when Mahatma Gandhi himself talks about Shri Rajchandra ji. In some moments he brings us to past and in another very successfully he returns to present.  Overall the play is very much entertaining and helps us to increase our knowledge and even my faith for God also increased.